Helminths – this is the scientific name of the helminth parasites. What are the eggs of helminths, are very interested in, because they become hosts in our body. They live in bodies of humans, animals and plants. Most of these parasites for a long time have adapted to life in the open in the open air, earth and water. Their eggs are in the earth, the water and even "climb" in the air.
Some information on helminths
To date studied more than 300 species of helminths, of which 70, living on the territory of our country. The world Health Organization has reported helminth infections, one of the most important of the infection. The number of infected infested can vary from 20 to 22 million people.
To helminth has decided to assign to 3 classes:
- Tape worms (tape) – very long, feed on the blood of the host. The more often vague and the taenia, Echinococcus.
- Roundworms (nematodes) – are of different sizes, dioecious. The most common are the ascaris and pinworms.
- Trematodes – always bisexual biohelminths, to the head have suction cups, with their help, the worm is attached to the organs of the host. This is the schistosomiasis and others.
The presence of earthworms dangerous for several reasons:
- the parasites are capable of inflicting mechanical damage to internal organs;
- cause a disorder of the metabolism;
- the waste products of worms poison the body of the host;
- the presence of helminthes is able to cause other diseases.
Worms lay eggs, which penetrate the human body mainly by the (with food or water), or in the event of non-compliance with hygiene standards.
Description of the appearance and structure of the most famous of helminths
| Helminths | The appearance | The structure |
| Pinworms | These are small, round, white in colour, and, generally, the size of not more than 1 see | On the front of the body of pinworms is gallbladder. With its help helminth is fixed to the inside of the intestine, causing mechanical damage. The other end of the worm is sharp. Hence the name pinworm. |
| Ascaris | Quite a large worm, with a length of about 20 cm, and the width of 6 mm, the Female is much larger than the male. It comes in the colour red-white with bent tail. | The round body is covered with a strong cuticle, which does not dissolve even to the gastric juice. On the end of the ascaris, a mouth, around the mouth, the three lips.
Immediately behind the mouth in the body of the roundworm is the esophagus and the intestine, composed of a straight tube. Parasite remains only to swallow the food cooked and absorb sound. |
| Whipworm | Small worm. In length is about 5 cm, and the width is not thicker than a human hair, not more than 0.5 mm at the end, cling to them, to the mucous membranes. | Before the end of the worm (3-5 cm) is diluted up to a thickness of a hair. The rear end is thicker in front. To house the intestines. In females at the rear there are of the uterus. |
| Toxocara | In their sizes Toxocara reaches up to 10 cm in length. The males are smaller.
|
Toxocara – white worm. His body elongated, looks like a thin cylinder. The oral aperture has three lips. |
| : Trichinella | Refers to the round of towards smaller sizes. In a width of more than 5 mm | Their main characteristic feature of the structure is unilateral in the gastrointestinal tract. |
| Wave of tsepen (tapeworm) | The worm in the very large sizes. Has a long body in the shape of the band. How many meters in length reached wave tsepen?! It is the giant size of up to 30 meters! | Scolex (head) has 4 strong suction pads without krjuchev. Head of tapeworm small. On the cervix grow the segments, their number is from 1 to 2 million. The uterus is developed, transparent, full of eggs. Of polovozrelogo tapeworm segments get separated, move with fecal material or separately to the outside of the intestine. |
| Swine tsepen
(tapeworm) |
Its structure is very similar to the increase in tapeworm. But in size, it is several times less than beef tapeworm – not more than 3-5 m | The tapeworm of the pig is still called the armed tapeworm. He had on the head in addition to the 4 suction cups, has 32 peaks. The Segments of the tapeworm were about 50 thousand eggs. |
| Tapeworm broad | Still a long worm, its length can be over 10 m | The body of the worm consists of a small flat head, no more than 5 mm wide, With the two parties are long flat of the slot-suction cups. They the worm clings to the wall of the intestine. |
| Echinococcus | Belongs to the class of tapeworms, helminth of small sizes. On his head there are hooks and suction cups. | Echinococcus is composed of 3 to 4 segments. "Armed" parasite suckers and hooks. In the segments of the parasite are found on the genitals, and in the third of the eggs. They separate themselves from their shoes, and they have the ability to move independently. |
| Opisthorchiasis small | The small worm size up to 1 see At the head of a mouth suction. | The worm has 2 suction cups for fixing is fixed on a smooth surface. A mouth and abdominal sucker. The suction mouth is going to pharynx and esophagus, and the intestine. At the rear end of parasite excretory authority. |
The characteristics of the life cycle of the worms
The life of the period towards the other. For some, it may last a year or two, and other parasites more than 10-15 years! So, among the helminths, it would be multiplied. For example, the pinworms not live long, not more than 6 months. The fertility rate was quite high. Given that the eggs of pinworms are very light, they can be even in the air we breathe.
Eggs of ascaris and whipworm enter the body through food
Ascaris and whipworms live for more than 2 years. The first live up to 2 years, and the last is in a period of 3-4 years. But this is not the numbers!
And here is the record among the worms, which cause damage in the human body is swine tsepen. Its service life reaches up to 20 or 30 years!
The experts who have backed the different experiences and experiments on towards, have made the conclusion that the temperature of the habitat influences the behavior of the worm. When the body temperature of the patient ascaris, spontaneously leaves the body. Thus, at a temperature of 40°With the activity of the ascaris have increased several times.
The decrease of the temperature in the housing is a worm to take actions – discharge of the body.
One of the decontamination methods is a heat treatment. For example, to ensure that the fish is dead the parasite, just bake for 30 minutes. The gel in different temperatures to accelerate the process of treatment. At a temperature of -15°C the freezing time – 30 days. -35°C – enough for 10 hours.
How many degrees to decontaminated products? The eggs of ascaris are killed at a temperature of 55°C. the Processing of the toys in the water at a temperature of 70°, will only take a few seconds.
The shelving of eggs helminth infections
Most of the parasites lay eggs, but some of them are viviparous helminths. What are the Trichinella.
What are the eggs of helminthes, you can learn with the help of a microscope. What type of to "settle" in the person, you can set having examined their eggs. And the larva, you can examine with the naked eye.
The female worm stays in the body up to the time of fertilization and the time of gestation of the seed
How many eggs can delay the female worm – horrified. Toxocara is able one day to see 250 thousand eggs. Moreover, the larvae and eggs of helminths are much tenacious than adults. The females of some de-worming perish after laid eggs, what is going on with the pinworms.
The parasites of each class at their leisure, live, breed and lay their eggs. For example, biohelminth maturation of the eggs and larvae in the body of the host (the cow, the dog, the cat). For example, biohelminth swine tsepen. If the body of the man hit the larva, and then grows a tapeworm in the department of the small intestine. In the case of contamination of eggs of the tapeworm even worse. They migrate throughout the body, and can subside in any organ. Of geohelminths eggs and larvae must mature outside the host organism, in the soil. Eggs of ascaris develop into larvae in the small intestine. And in good conditions, with a flow of blood of eggs (larvae) ascaris migrate to all organs.
| Helminths | Description of the eggs | The number of masonry | The duration of maturation |
| Pinworms | The egg pinworms oval, asymmetrical in shape. Sheath smooth, consists of several layers, colourless. In the fertilized egg is already a larva. | Both in the pinworms will mature over 10 to 15 thousand eggs. | After an adjournment eggs of the female, the larva of them matures later than 6-8 hours. |
| Ascaris | An egg that is not fertilized, has oval elongated. An outer sheath dense, with small tubers. The interior full of eggs yellowish cells. | Every day provides over 250 thousand eggs. | After 2-3 weeks the fertilized eggs become invasive. |
| Whipworm | The egg of this parasite has a shape of barrels, the shell of its layers, and transparent. Inside the eggs has small grains. | 3500 immature eggs per day | You need 2 weeks for the maturation of the larvae. |
| Toxocara | The eggs with the colon finely bumpy shell. | 200 thousand eggs per day. | A few days filled with larvae in the eggs. They become invasive. |
| : Trichinella | The size of the larvae of 0.1 mm | 2 months, the female gives birth to more than 2000 larvae. | The female Trichinella gives birth to live larvae. |
| Wave of tsepen (tapeworm) | An egg-shaped bubble oval gray in color, has two apophyse. | Cyst contains about 200 thousand eggs. If in the body of the cyst is not one, then the number of eggs is enormous. | The finns in the muscles will retain life for 3 years. |
| Tapeworm broad | The eggs are oval, covered with a smooth shell of a yellow color. At the top of the egg – hood, the bottom of the hill. | Every day people with fecal material, highlights several million eggs. | After 2-3 days in the eggs is formed by the larva. |
Inhabitable of deworming to the outside man
Helminths can live is not only in the human body and the bodies of pets, and the outside of the host. For example, the giardia move in with the cats in the upper part of the intestine, and you can find them in the fish river (bream, ide).
The eggs of the parasites, pinworms are so easy, that are able to be in the air. Infected entozoaires can be water. It is infected by a hit the ground. Water infected lives in the basin of the fish.
The plants helminth parasites are also. On them are parasites-only nematodes. They hit the roots and tubers of plants, as well as stems and leaves. The infection happens by the master of the swallows eggs with food. If the products rinse of boiling water, then the eggs and the larvae die.
The life cycle of the worm on the example of pinworms
In the body of the human pinworm lives in the several departments of the intestine: the division of the small intestine, cecum, and the department of colon.
Infestation of man is the egg with the oestre. Infected by the master by the fecal-oral route. The larva is released from the shell of the egg in the small intestine and migrate to the sites of localization. Then comes the process of so-called moulting, after which the larva is Mature a single individual.
Helminth — flagellated parasites
After mating, the males die, excreted in the feces. During this time the female with the help of vesicles is fixed to the mucosa of the intestine, they mature the eggs. They are very prolific in their uterus matures over 10 to 15 thousand eggs. During the maturation of the eggs, the female moves to anal hole. The female goes beyond the bowel in the night, when the muscles of the anus relaxed. She crawls folds cutan of the vulva. The muscles of the vagina of the female to relax, and begins with the selection of eggs. On the surface of the skin of the body of the host the most favourable conditions: temperature, humidity, oxygen. How matures the egg?
After 6 to 8 hours inside the eggs out of the man, formed of the larvae, they become invasive.
Then, the female dies, dries up, forming a ball. Of its travel on the folds occurs itching. The host scratches this area. On the hands and under the nails appeared in the eggs of the parasite. Then, there are several ways:
- The patient, not respecting the rules of personal hygiene, again contracting. Taking breakfast with unwashed hands.
- The patient infected hands touch household items, toys, door handles and other, infecting the members of his family.
Remember that the master of any helminth is not able to spread and develop. The egg or larva must necessarily complete the cycle: the master-land/air-host.